JMIR Biomedical Engineering

Simulated patient systems are essential in nursing education but face actor scarcity, instructor burden, cost, and disrupted continuity where in-person simulation cannot be sustained. Existing large language model (LLM)–based systems address these issues but treat the dialogic partner—the AI nurse—as a static prompt or unspecialized model, compromising data collection quality and pedagogical applicability.

The intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) remains a commonly used temporary mechanical circulatory support device because it is relatively easy to implant, less invasive, and well established in clinical practice. Previous studies have focused primarily on the physiological mechanisms, indications, clinical outcomes, and complications of IABP, whereas its technological evolution and industrial research have not been systematically examined.

Sleep apnea is a common but frequently underdiagnosed disorder associated with increased cardiovascular and metabolic risk. Although polysomnography remains the diagnostic gold standard, its high cost, technical complexity, and limited availability restrict large-scale screening and continuous monitoring. Accelerometry-based and gyroscope-based approaches may represent a simplified alternative that can also be applied in home-based settings.

Hip osteoarthritis (OA) impairs function during activities of daily living (ADL); however, objective functional assessment methods are lacking. Objectively measuring and characterizing functional deficits during ADL can help rehabilitation specialists target the activities in which patients experience the greatest difficulties. To characterize daily living function, ADL must first be accurately identified. Human activity recognition (HAR) models based on wearable sensor measurements, such as inertial measurement units (IMUs), have been implemented in individuals with various functional impairments but not yet in people with end-stage hip OA. In addition, the balance between HAR accuracy and wearability, which is crucial for patients’ acceptance, remains unclear. Finally, to assess deficits of pathological populations, comparison with asymptomatic controls is necessary.

Cognitive impairment and cerebral dysfunction are common among patients with end-stage kidney disease undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Repeated intradialytic hemodynamic stress, including reductions in cerebral blood flow and episodes of intradialytic hypotension, has been associated with adverse neurological outcomes. Quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) offers a noninvasive approach for continuous assessment of cerebral activity; however, its potential role in dialysis monitoring remains unclear because of methodological heterogeneity and implementation challenges.

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) generates high-frequency time-series data, creating challenges for efficient storage, transmission, and analysis.

This pilot study found that an artificial intelligence–supported fingerprint-based patient identification system demonstrated preliminary technical feasibility and user acceptability among healthcare workers in a simulated clinical environment, warranting further real-world evaluation.

The application of spinal orthoses and local vibration in the treatment of hyperkyphosis is a developing concept. Further research is needed to determine the impact of leaf springs and local vibration techniques on the neuromusculoskeletal system.

Family caregivers experience significant stress due to intensive caregiving activities, making them highly susceptible to adverse psychosocial health conditions. Early detection of this stress is crucial for timely interventions to prevent disease progression and long-term disability.

Breast cancer–related lymphedema (BCRL) is a chronic complication that impairs quality of life through persistent fluid accumulation. While clinical guidelines recommend longitudinal surveillance, implementation is often limited by the logistical challenges of frequent in-clinic visits. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), specifically the segmental extracellular water–to–total body water (ECW/TBW) ratio, offers a noninvasive method for tracking fluid status. However, the technical agreement between in-clinic and patient-led home-based BIA systems, as well as the feasibility of long-term self-monitoring in real-world settings, remains to be fully established.

Gait function is essential for mobility and independence in older adults. Although age-related gait decline on level walking has been studied extensively, there is less information on how aging affects gait during ramp walking, despite its relevance in daily life. Different biomechanical strategies are used during ramp ascent and descent; however, detailed joint kinematics remain unclear, particularly under real-world conditions.

Musculoskeletal pain significantly impacts quality of life and daily functioning. Light-based therapies, including those using red and infrared wavelengths, have shown potential in pain management due to their anti-inflammatory and tissue healing properties. CURAPOD, a pain management device developed by Litemed, uses a combination of visible red and infrared light for noninvasive pain relief.